Understanding the Symbolisms of Seeing Saturn in Your Dreams

As we wander in our subconscious, our dreams can be filled with obscure and enigmatic symbols. One of the most fascinating of these is the planet Saturn, which has been known throughout history for its mystique and symbolism. Saturn is a celestial object that has captured the imagination of many cultures for centuries, from ancient mythology to modern astrology. The image of Saturn, with its prominent rings and mysterious moons, can hold deep significance and can offer valuable insight into our inner selves. In this article, we will delve into the intricate meanings of Saturn dreams and explore how we can learn from this powerful symbol.

Saturn in Astrology and Mythology

Saturn In Astrology And Mythology
When it comes to symbolism and mythology, few celestial bodies are as intriguing as Saturn. This planet has captivated astrologers and mythologists alike for centuries, inspiring countless interpretations and stories. In astrology, Saturn is often associated with discipline and wisdom, while in mythologies around the world Saturn has been seen as a symbol of time, karma, and transformation. Whether you are curious about astrology or simply fascinated by the mythical stories surrounding Saturn, there is much to explore about this enigmatic planet and its symbolism.

Saturn in Astrology

Saturn in Astrology

Planet Name Saturn
Astronomical Symbol
Astrological House 10th House of Career and Public Image
Astrological Significance Discipline, Responsibility, Limitations, Karma, Maturity, Endings and Beginnings
Positive Traits Determination, Perseverance, Orderliness, Patience, Practicality, Commitment
Negative Traits Rigidity, Pessimism, Fear, Self-doubt, Over-seriousness, Harshness
Associated Elements Earth and Water

In astrology, Saturn is the planet of discipline, responsibility, and karma. It is associated with the 10th House of Career and Public Image, which symbolizes a person’s standing in society and their professional goals. The astronomical symbol of Saturn is ♄, which represents its ringed structure. Saturn’s slow orbit around the sun takes around 29.5 years to complete, and it stays in each sign for approximately two and a half years.
Saturn is associated with earth and water elements, which represent practicality, stability, and emotions. The positive qualities of Saturn include determination, perseverance, orderliness, patience, practicality, and commitment. On the other hand, Saturn’s negative traits include rigidity, pessimism, fear, self-doubt, over-seriousness, and harshness.
In astrology, Saturn is often referred to as the ‘Lord of Karma’ because it represents the consequences of our actions and the lessons we must learn in this lifetime. It is also associated with the ending of cycles and the beginning of new ones. Understanding the symbolism of Saturn is essential to gaining a deeper understanding of oneself and the events that occur in our lives.

Saturn in Mythology

Saturn was known as Kronos in Greek mythology, the ruler of the Titans and the father of Zeus. He was often depicted as an old, wise man with a long beard and a scythe. According to mythology, Kronos was told by his father that one of his own children would overthrow him, so he devoured his own children as they were born. This violent act represents the shadow side of Saturn, the tendency towards control, fear, and restriction.

Subscribe and Get a Free Dream Journal from Us

Stay updated with our latest news and offers!
Subscribe NOW and receive a Free Dream Journal to track your dreams by e-mail.

However, Saturn was also associated with agriculture, harvest, and time. He was often depicted holding a sickle or a scythe, which symbolizes the cutting of the harvest, or the end of the time cycle. As such, Saturn was seen as a god of endings, limitations, and boundaries.

In Roman mythology, Saturn was associated with the festival of Saturnalia, a celebration of light and joy that occurred during the winter solstice. This festival was a time of feasting, gift-giving, and role-reversals, where the masters served the slaves, and the slaves became the masters.

Unlock the Mysteries of Your Dreams with a Free Tarot Reading!

Today there is a free schedule on tarot cards, find out what awaits you today!

In astrology, Saturn is often referred to as the “Lord of Karma”. This is because Saturn is associated with hard work, discipline, and responsibility. It is said that wherever Saturn is placed in your birth chart, you will face challenges and limitations that will help you grow and mature. Saturn is seen as a stern teacher who demands excellence and rewards perseverance.

The mythology surrounding Saturn is complex and multifaceted. On one hand, Saturn represents the shadow side of our psyche, the limitations and restrictions that we impose on ourselves and others. On the other hand, Saturn also represents the wisdom and maturity that come with hard work and responsibility. Understanding these symbols can help us interpret the messages of our dreams and navigate the challenges of life.

Decipher the Riddles of Your Dreams: Select a Tarot Card and Unveil Their Hidden Meanings!
Card 1
Card 2
Card 3

Saturn Dream Meaning

As we slumber, our dreams become a gateway to the subconscious, revealing the hidden concerns and symbols that our inner psyche harbors. One of these symbols that may appear in our dreams is Saturn, the sixth planet from the sun. Its striking appearance and intriguing astrological symbolism may leave you wondering about its significance in your dream world. In this section, we will explore the various interpretations and meanings of dreaming about Saturn’s rings and moons and even the planet’s appearance in your dreams. So, let’s delve into the enigmatic world of Saturn’s dream symbolism and how it can illuminate our subconscious desires, fears, and aspirations.

Dreams About Saturn’s Appearance

Dreams About Saturn’s Appearance can carry significant symbolism depending on how the planet appears in your dream. The following table provides some common appearances of Saturn in a dream and their possible interpretations.

Appearance of Saturn in Dream Possible Interpretation
Saturn as a planet in the night sky You may be feeling a sense of responsibility or restriction in your waking life. Consider if you are taking on too much or not giving yourself enough time for leisure activities.
Saturn’s rings This could indicate that there are limitations or obstacles in your path, but with focus and discipline, you can overcome them and achieve successful outcomes.
Saturn’s moons The appearance of Saturn’s moons in a dream can suggest changes and transformation ahead. Pay attention to any specific details such as the number of moons or their position in relation to Saturn for a more personalized interpretation.
Saturn crashing or exploding This could represent unexpected changes or upheavals in your life. You may feel like your carefully laid plans are falling apart. Try to approach these changes with a sense of adaptability and resilience, as they may ultimately lead to a positive transformation.

It’s important to remember that the interpretation of a dream is highly personal and can depend on the context of your life. If you have any recurring dreams about Saturn, consider keeping a dream journal to help identify any patterns or common themes. Additionally, consider if any recent events or emotions in your waking life may be influencing the appearance of Saturn in your dreams.

Saturn’s Rings and Moons

Saturn’s rings and moons add another layer of symbolism to Saturn dream meanings. The appearance of Saturn’s rings in dreams could represent the cycles and patterns that govern one’s life. It may signify the need to embrace change as inevitable and necessary, just like the rings of Saturn continue to move and evolve.

The moons of Saturn can also provide insight into dream interpretation. For instance, the moon Titan is associated with discipline and structure. If someone dreams of climbing on Titan, it may symbolize their desire to gain control of their life and enforce discipline.

Alternatively, dreams of Enceladus, one of the smallest moons, can represent a feeling of being overpowered by a larger force or being underestimated. Enceladus’ size belittles its potential for a massive impact, which can directly relate to feelings of insignificance and underestimated potential.

Saturn’s rings and moons can be a powerful tool for dream analysis, providing an added depth of meaning to the interpretation. It’s important to pay attention to the context of the dream and the emotions evoked during the dream to accurately interpret Saturn’s rings and moons.

Interpretations Based on the Context of Dream

When interpreting a dream involving Saturn, it is important to consider the context of the dream. Different symbols and scenarios can affect the overall meaning of the dream. Below is a table that outlines some common contexts and their possible interpretations:

Context Interpretation
Seeing Saturn alone in the sky Represents a sense of being isolated and detached. It may suggest a need for introspection and self-reflection.
Observing Saturn’s rings and moons Symbolizes complexity and a need to pay attention to details. It may also indicate a need to expand one’s knowledge and explore new opportunities.
Feeling overwhelmed by Saturn’s size or presence Suggests a need to confront and overcome challenges in waking life. It may also represent a fear of authority or limitations.
Being on a space mission to explore Saturn May indicate a desire for adventure and exploration. It may also represent a need to take on new challenges and expand one’s horizons.
Having a negative experience with Saturn (e.g. being crushed by its gravity) May represent feelings of being held back or restricted in waking life. It may also suggest a fear of failure.
Seeing Saturn in relation to other planets Can provide insight into how different aspects of one’s life are related. For example, seeing Saturn and Jupiter together may suggest a need to balance discipline and expansion.
Seeing Saturn in a birth chart May suggest that the dreamer is currently in a period of their life that is influenced by Saturn’s energy. The dream may provide guidance on how to navigate this period.

It is important to note that these are just some possible interpretations and that the context of the dream may vary from person to person. It can be helpful to journal about the dream and reflect on how it relates to one’s waking life. Additionally, consulting with an astrologer or spiritual advisor may provide further insight into the dream’s meaning.

The Position of Saturn in Your Birth Chart

Understanding the position of Saturn in your birth chart is crucial for interpreting the meaning of your dreams about Saturn. According to astrology, Saturn represents responsibility, discipline, and lessons learned through difficult experiences. If Saturn is prominent in your birth chart, it may indicate areas of life where you will face obstacles and challenges, as well as areas where you will need to demonstrate self-discipline and responsibility.

If Saturn is retrograde in your birth chart, you may struggle to assert yourself and take responsibility, or you may have difficulty setting boundaries in personal relationships. On the other hand, if Saturn is powerful in your chart, you may be highly disciplined, organized, and able to tackle difficult tasks with ease.

If you dream about Saturn and its position in your birth chart is prominent, it may indicate that you are currently facing challenges related to discipline, responsibility, and authority. This is especially true if you dream about encountering Saturn in a difficult or challenging context, such as in a train accident dream meaning or in a dream of jumping off a building.

However, if you dream of encountering Saturn in a positive or neutral context, such as in a happy talking on the phone dream meaning or while counting money, it may suggest that you are developing a healthy relationship with authority and discipline.

Understanding the position of Saturn in your birth chart can help you interpret the meaning of your dreams about Saturn and gain a deeper understanding of your own strengths and challenges. If you are unsure of how to interpret your birth chart or how to work with the energy of Saturn, consider consulting with an astrologer or spiritual advisor who can provide guidance and support. Additionally, using crystals and colors associated with Saturn, such as black tourmaline and dark blue, can help you align with the energy of this planet and tap into its transformative power.

Common Themes and Interpretations

Common Themes And Interpretations
As we delve deeper into the symbolism of Saturn in dreams, it’s important to explore the common themes and interpretations associated with this powerful planet. Saturn is often seen as a harbinger of discipline, responsibility, and maturity. However, its presence in dreams can also point to limitations, challenges, and karmic lessons. To truly understand the message behind your Saturn dreams, it’s crucial to examine the context and details of your dream, as well as your personal relationship with authority and boundaries. Let’s explore some of the most common themes and interpretations of Saturn in dreams. If you’re interested in the spiritual meaning of tears from the right eye or dream of jumping off a building or train accident dream meaning or pile of clean clothes dream meaning or bat bit your hand dream meaning or throwing away clothes dream meaning or crescent moon or dream of counting money or dream of spiders or happy talking on the phone dream meaning, you can find more information by clicking on the respective links.

Discipline and Responsibility

When Saturn appears in a dream, it often represents the themes of discipline and responsibility. This planet is associated with structure, routine, and hard work. Seeing Saturn in a dream can indicate that you need to be more disciplined in your approach to life. You may need to establish more routines and create a more structured schedule for yourself.

Some possible dream scenarios related to discipline and responsibility could include:

  • Being at school or work and feeling overwhelmed by the amount of work you have to do
  • Feeling frustrated with yourself for not being more organized or productive
  • Coming up with a plan to achieve a long-term goal and feeling motivated to stick to it

If you have this type of dream, it’s important to reflect on the areas of your life where you may need more discipline. Maybe you need to develop better study habits, or perhaps you need to start waking up earlier in the morning to get more done. Whatever the case may be, Saturn is urging you to take responsibility for your choices and your life.

It’s worth noting, however, that Saturn can also have a negative connotation. It can represent limitations and challenges. In some cases, dreaming about Saturn may indicate that you’re feeling weighed down by responsibilities or feeling trapped in a situation. For instance, if you’re having a dream about a train accident, which is a common symbol of feeling a loss of control, seeing Saturn in the dream could amplify the sense of feeling trapped.

If you’re experiencing this type of dream, it’s important to take a step back and assess the situation. Are there ways you can lighten your load or reduce your stress? Could you delegate tasks to others or ask for help? Saturn can be a reminder to take responsibility for your life, but it’s important to remember that you don’t have to do everything alone.

In conclusion, seeing Saturn in a dream can represent discipline and responsibility. It can encourage you to create better routines and take control of your life. However, it’s important to be mindful of any feelings of limitation or challenges that may come up. If you’re struggling to find balance in your life or feeling overwhelmed, it may be time to reassess your priorities and seek support if needed.

Limitations and Challenges

Limitations and challenges are often associated with Saturn’s energy. In astrology, Saturn is often called the “great malefic” due to its reputation for bringing difficulties and hardship. However, these challenges are not meant to be seen as punishments, but rather as opportunities for growth and development.

Some common limitations and challenges associated with Saturn include:

Feeling restricted: Under Saturn’s influence, you may feel restricted in some way. This could manifest as a lack of freedom or mobility, or a sense that you are being held back by outside forces.
Fear of failure: Saturn can bring up deep-seated fears and insecurities, particularly around failure or not measuring up. You may feel like you are constantly being tested or judged, and that you are never quite good enough.
Long-term obstacles: In some cases, Saturn can introduce long-term obstacles or challenges that require patience, persistence, and discipline to overcome. These obstacles may be related to career, relationships, or personal growth.
Past mistakes: Saturn is also associated with karma and the consequences of past mistakes. Under its influence, you may be forced to confront the ways in which your past actions or decisions are impacting your present circumstances.

While these limitations and challenges may seem daunting, they are ultimately opportunities for growth and transformation. By embracing Saturn’s lessons and working through these challenges, you can become stronger, wiser, and more resilient.

It is worth noting that not everyone will experience Saturn’s energy in the same way. Depending on your birth chart and individual circumstances, you may find that Saturn has a more positive or negative influence on your life.

If you find yourself struggling with Saturn’s energy, there are a number of strategies you can use to work through these challenges. These might include seeking the guidance of an astrologer or spiritual advisor, practicing self-reflection and meditation, or working with crystals and colors that are associated with Saturn’s energy.

Ultimately, the key to overcoming Saturn’s limitations and challenges is to approach them with patience, discipline, and a willingness to learn and grow. By doing so, you can unlock the transformative power of Saturn and use its energy to create a happier, healthier, and more fulfilling life.

Wisdom and Maturity

Wisdom and Maturity are also associated with the Saturn Dream Meaning. Saturn is often seen as the planet of discipline and self-mastery. Thus, dream of Saturn may indicate that the person is on the path to gaining a deeper understanding of life by understanding their limitations and learning from their experiences. The dream may also signify that the person is transitioning from a phase of youthfulness and impulsiveness to wisdom and maturity.

Possible indications of wisdom and maturity in Saturn dreams include:

  • Practicality: Saturn is known to be a practical planet, and dream of Saturn may signify that the person is becoming more grounded and practical in their daily life.
  • Responsibility: As one of the most responsible planets, Saturn may represent the need for taking responsibility for oneself, one’s actions, and one’s environment.
  • Self-reflection: A Saturn dream may indicate that the person is introspective and reflecting on their life decisions.
  • Patience: Like the slow movement of the planet, Saturn may point to the need for patience and perseverance in one’s endeavors.

A Saturn dream may be a message of hope, encouraging the dreamer to stay on the path of self-improvement and self-mastery. It may also indicate that the dreamer is ready to embrace the challenges of life, armed with the wisdom and maturity that they have gained over the years.

Note: If you’re interested in the spiritual meanings behind tears from the right eye, you may want to check out the Spiritual Meaning of Tears from Right Eye article.

Karmic Lessons and Past Life Connections

Karmic Lessons and Past Life Connections
Some dream interpreters believe that the appearance of Saturn in a dream can signify karmic lessons and past life connections. This may manifest as a feeling of deja vu or a sense of familiarity with Saturn or its symbols. For example, dreaming of Saturn’s rings may indicate a connection to a distant past life or the completion of a long-held karmic lesson.
It’s important to note that not all dreamers believe in the concept of past lives or karma, so this interpretation may not resonate with everyone. However, for those who do believe in these concepts, a Saturn dream can hold deep significance and provide insight into their soul’s journey.
If you have had recurring dreams of Saturn or its symbols, it may be helpful to explore past life regression therapy or consult with a spiritual advisor who specializes in these areas. By delving deeper into your soul’s history, you may be able to unlock important lessons and insights that can help you navigate your present life with more clarity and purpose.
Decipher the Riddles of Your Dreams: Select a Tarot Card and Unveil Their Hidden Meanings!
Card 1
Card 2
Card 3

How to Work with Saturn’s Energy

As we have explored earlier, Saturn can represent discipline, limitations, and wisdom in dreams. How we interpret and work with this energy can greatly impact our personal growth and development. While some might feel intimidated by Saturn’s stern reputation, there are various ways to harness its power positively. Let’s delve into some tips on how to embrace Saturn’s lessons and work with its energy. Whether you dreamt about a pile of clean clothes, a train accident, or happy talking on the phone, these tips can still apply.

Assess Your Relationship with Authority and Boundaries

Assessing your relationship with authority and boundaries is crucial while working with Saturn’s energy. Saturn is the planet of discipline and responsibility, and its influence can highlight issues with authority figures and personal boundaries. Here are some steps to assess your relationship with authority and boundaries:

  • Reflect on past experiences: Consider instances where you may have struggled with authority figures or maintaining personal boundaries. This could include situations in the workplace, within personal relationships, or even in your own self-discipline.
  • Identify patterns: Look for recurring themes or triggers in these experiences. Do you tend to rebel against authority or feel controlled by others? Do you struggle with setting and maintaining boundaries?
  • Examine underlying beliefs: Explore whether there are any underlying beliefs that may be contributing to these patterns. For example, do you believe that authority figures are always oppressive, or that setting boundaries is selfish?
  • Practice mindfulness: Pay attention to your thoughts and reactions in the present moment, especially in situations where you are interacting with authority figures or making decisions about boundaries. Mindfulness can help you develop greater self-awareness and make conscious choices.
  • Seek support: If you are struggling with these issues, consider seeking support from a therapist or trusted advisor. They can offer guidance and help you develop strategies for improving your relationship with authority and boundaries.

By assessing your relationship with authority and boundaries, you can gain greater insight into how Saturn’s energy is manifesting in your life and take steps to work with it in a positive way.

Embrace the Lessons of Saturn

To fully benefit from Saturn’s teachings, it’s important to embrace the lessons it brings. Discipline and hard work are key factors that can help you succeed in life. Saturn pushes us to work hard and be responsible for our own lives. Instead of resisting these challenges, try to adopt a positive attitude and embrace them as opportunities for growth.

One way to do this is to set realistic goals and work towards them with a strong sense of purpose. This will help you develop resilience and perseverance, which are important traits to have when facing challenges.

Another important lesson that Saturn brings is the importance of boundaries. You need to be clear about what you will and will not tolerate, and be willing to set limits with others. This can be difficult, especially if you are used to always saying yes to others. If you find this challenging, work on developing your assertiveness skills.

In addition to discipline and boundaries, Saturn also teaches us about wisdom and maturity. Life experiences, both good and bad, can help us grow and develop wisdom. When faced with difficult situations, try to see them as opportunities to learn and grow.

Finally, Saturn’s influence can also be seen in the concept of karma – the idea that our actions have consequences that come back to us. If you’ve been struggling with a particular issue, it may be worth considering whether there is a karmic lesson to be learned.

Embracing the lessons of Saturn can help you achieve your goals and develop as a person. Don’t be afraid to take on challenges and work hard – it will all be worth it in the end.

Use Crystals and Colors Associated with Saturn

Using crystals and colors associated with Saturn can also be a helpful way to work with its energy. Black onyx, obsidian, and hematite are all crystals that are said to be connected with Saturn. These crystals are believed to provide grounding, protection, and help release negative energy.

In terms of colors, black and grey are associated with Saturn, as well as deep, muted shades like brown and dark green. Black is often seen as a protective color that can absorb negative energy, while grey can represent discipline and responsibility. Using these colors in your environment or incorporating them into your wardrobe can help you align with Saturn’s energy.

It’s important to note, however, that while crystals and colors can be helpful tools, they should not be relied upon solely for healing or personal growth. These practices should be done in conjunction with other forms of self-care and self-reflection.

If you are interested in using crystals and colors related to Saturn in your spiritual practice, consider consulting with an astrologer or spiritual advisor for personalized guidance on how to effectively incorporate them into your routine.

Consider Consultation with an Astrologer or a Spiritual Advisor

Consulting with an astrologer or a spiritual advisor can be helpful when trying to understand the symbolisms present in your dreams of Saturn. An astrologer can analyze your birth chart and provide insight into how Saturn is influencing your life and what lessons you should be paying attention to. A spiritual advisor can help you interpret the spiritual meaning behind the appearances of Saturn in your dreams, and how it relates to your personal growth.

An astrologer can give you a detailed analysis of your birth chart, which includes the position of Saturn at the time you were born. This can help you identify what kind of challenges and opportunities Saturn may bring into your life. If you’re experiencing recurring dreams about Saturn, an astrologer can help you understand what lessons Saturn is trying to teach you through these dreams. They can also provide guidance on how to work with Saturn’s energy and overcome any challenges that might arise.

On the other hand, a spiritual advisor can help you interpret the symbolic meanings of Saturn in your dreams. They can help you understand how Saturn represents discipline, responsibility, and limitations. They can also assist you with identifying any karmic lessons and past life connections that may be tied to Saturn’s appearances in your dreams. A spiritual advisor can provide helpful techniques for working with Saturn’s energy and embracing its lessons.

Dream of Jumping off a Building
Train Accident Dream Meaning
Pile of Clean Clothes Dream Meaning
Bat Bit Your Hand Dream Meaning
Throwing Away Clothes Dream Meaning
Crescent Moon Dream Meaning
Dream of Counting Money
Dream of Spiders
Happy Talking on the Phone Dream Meaning

Conclusion

In conclusion, the symbolism of Saturn in dreams is a fascinating topic that can offer valuable insights into our psyche and our lives. Whether we see the planet itself, its rings, or its moons, the context of the dream, as well as our personal experiences and birth chart, can all contribute to the interpretation of the dream.

Common themes and interpretations associated with Saturn include discipline, responsibility, limitations and challenges, wisdom, maturity, and karmic lessons. Understanding and embracing these lessons can help us grow and evolve as individuals, and work towards fulfilling our life purpose.

To work with Saturn’s energy, we can assess our relationship with authority and boundaries, embrace the lessons of Saturn, use crystals and colors associated with Saturn, and consider consultation with an astrologer or a spiritual advisor. By doing so, we can tap into the transformative power of Saturn and unlock our true potential.

Overall, exploring the symbolism of Saturn in dreams can be a powerful tool for personal growth and transformation. By paying attention to our dreams and the messages they hold, we can gain a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us, and unlock our true potential as individuals.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does Saturn represent in astrology?

Saturn represents discipline, responsibility, limitations, challenges, and wisdom in astrology.

What is the mythology behind Saturn?

Saturn is the Roman god of agriculture and time. He was associated with wealth and fertility, as well as the concept of time and aging.

What does it mean to dream about the appearance of Saturn?

Dreams about the appearance of Saturn may symbolize a need for discipline, responsibility, or maturity in one’s life.

What do Saturn’s rings and moons represent in dreams?

Saturn’s rings and moons may represent obstacles or challenges that need to be overcome in order to achieve personal growth and success.

How can the context of a dream affect the interpretation of Saturn?

The context of a dream can provide clues about how to interpret the symbolism of Saturn. For example, a dream about Saturn in a work setting may symbolize a need for more discipline and focus in one’s career.

What is the significance of Saturn’s position in one’s birth chart?

Saturn’s position in a person’s birth chart can reveal information about their karmic lessons, major life challenges, and opportunities for growth and maturity.

What does it mean if Saturn appears in a dream about discipline and responsibility?

If Saturn appears in a dream about discipline and responsibility, it may be an indication that the dreamer needs to take more responsibility for their actions and make more disciplined choices in their life.

How can one work with Saturn’s energy?

Working with Saturn’s energy involves assessing one’s relationship with authority and boundaries, embracing the lessons of Saturn, using crystals and colors associated with Saturn, and seeking consultation with an astrologer or spiritual advisor.

What is the connection between Saturn and karmic lessons?

Saturn is often associated with karmic lessons in astrology, as it represents the challenges and obstacles that must be overcome in order to grow and evolve spiritually.

Why is it important to understand the symbolism of Saturn in dreams?

Understanding the symbolism of Saturn in dreams can help individuals gain insights into their personal growth, challenges, and opportunities for development, as well as their relationship with authority and responsibility.

Leave a Comment